Alto parts were new to Sacred Harp with the Cooper revision, and large alto sections were not present in Okefenokee region singing until the 1990s. High Bluff, Brantley County, Georgia, and Sardis in Charlton County, Georgia, both were constituted in 1819. Within the protective boundaries of their Primitive Baptist faith, local singers created their own recognizable “voice.” David Lee calls Sacred Harp “a way of communicating. As David’s generation was growing up, singers frequently sang without the book, reinforcing oral transmission of tunes and the practice of ornamentation. When the first All-Day Sing in fifty years was held in the Hoboken School in December 1996, it attracted visitors from eight states. My style is compassionate, collaborative, creative, practical, and empowering (more about me). Vocal lines are richly ornamented, an unselfconscious “transitioning between the notes” as David Lee describes it, where the embellishments of the meeting house spill over to Sacred Harp. See more. The Hoboken School Glee Club and barbershop quartet also performed at FFF, so perhaps the teacher, Miss Griffin, mentioned the local Sacred Harp to FFF organizer Thelma Boulton. The city's name most likely is a transfer from Hoboken, New Jersey. You wouldn’t change or alter anything in those books any more than you would the Bible.”42David I. Lee and Clarke Lee, 15 February 1997. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_42').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_42', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); A fourth stylistic feature, vocal practice, reflects the tempos and ornamentation of local Primitive Baptist hymnody.43Crawfordites still do not allow recordings in the meeting house, so I infer historic connections from attendance at contemporary Crawfordite singings. The obvious sonic difference between 1958 and 2000 was the sheer number of singers and the audibility of all four vocal parts, including a full alto section similar to what the Lees had first heard in 1994 when they sang at Tallahassee. Karl Musser, Map of Okefenokee Swamp, 2007. Velg eventuelt Administrer innstillinger hvis du vil ha mer informasjon eller ønsker å endre valgene dine. The term “primitive” refers to members' desire to follow the ways of the original or “primitive” Christian church. This essay explores "Hoboken-style" Sacred Harp singing of the Okefenokee region of southeast Georgia and northeast Florida. Even though religious beliefs of Crawfordite singers encouraged cultural isolation, other books and tunes entered the tradition. The oldest surviving meeting houses date to the early nineteenth century. I knew him and his wife when I was a bartender in Hoboken and he was our liquor distributor.. Liev Schreiber Wants to Play the Boxer Who Inspired Rocky | /Film In January 2001, I requested a drone in Hoboken so I could film the event. Spartanburg, South Carolina. Beginning in 1996, after their “discovery” of and by the national Sacred Harp network, members of the Lee family were invited to give special singing schools on Hoboken-style where they taught and demonstrated the drone. Along the border of southeast Georgia and northeast Florida, Sacred Harp continues in both its old and new forms. Instead, this singing community became more insular and tied to Primitive Baptist beliefs, especially those of the Crawfordites, the most conservative of local subsects who take their name from nineteenth-century south Georgia elder, Ruben Crawford. Back home, David and Clarke Lee are prepared to lose vocal hallmarks which distinguished their singing community for generations in order to attract more local people to the tradition. Hoboken in Seattle. Three years later, singers flocked from twenty-eight states. From the late nineteenth century, when Primitive Baptists of the Wiregrass South14The term “Wiregrass South” is an historic designation to refer to areas where the settlement pattern and resulting culture have been shaped by the wiregrass and longleaf pine ecosystem. David I. Lee interviewed by Laurie Kay Sommers, Hoboken, GA, 15 July 2000. Johnny Lee, electronic mail correspondence with Laurie Kay Sommers, 14 October 1999. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_67').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_67', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); The 2000 FFF recording of the Silas Lee Memorial Sing captures the emergent, hybrid Hoboken-style sound six years into the change process. In 1910, the demographic breakdowns for Charlton County, Georgia—the heart of the Okefenokee region of Georgia—were 73 percent white, 25 percent black, and 2 percent other. The birthplace of Frank Sinatra, Hoboken features beautiful housing at a fraction of the cost as it's much larger neighbor. Alabama Folklife Association, 2001. Alabama Folklife Association, 2001, 31. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Crawfordite hymnody is part of this larger tradition of unaccompanied congregational singing among Primitive Baptists. Vi og partnerne våre lagrer og/eller får tilgang til informasjon på enheten din gjennom bruk av informasjonskapsler og lignende teknologier for å vise annonser og innhold som er persontilpasset, for måling av annonser og innhold, for å få publikumsinnsikt og for produktutvikling. Hoboken Style. "39David I. Lee, interviewed by Laurie Kay Sommers, Hoboken, GA, 15 July 2000. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_39').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_39', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Sacred Harp and Primitive Baptist hymnody shared a common core of singers, a common repertoire of tunes, overlapping oral traditions and performance practices, shared singing contexts, and a Primitive Baptist worldview that linked the two styles in all but actual practice: Okefenokee region singers never sang meeting house hymns at singing schools or “called” sings [publicly announced sings open to the community], and they never sang Sacred Harp at meeting house worship services. David Lee has become the primary public speaker for the public face of Hoboken-style singing. I provide psychotherapy services specializing in trauma, anxiety/stress, depression, low self-esteem, and codependency. Information and translations of Hoboken in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on … David’s cousin gave him a recording of the National Sacred Harp Convention in Birmingham, and David played it repeatedly. “Firm Foundation,” for example, was sung at sixty-six beats per minute, as opposed to fifty-two in 1958--still slow by national standards, but fast by those of Hoboken. "16Beverly Patterson. Lee, David I. and Keith Willard, compilers. In a personal communication about her doctoral research with black shape-note singers, ethnomusicologist Doris Dyen recalled a conversation during the early 1970s with one-hundred-year-old Nancy Casey, mother-in-law to the founder of the Wiregrass Singers, Dewey Williams. The majority of Hoboken's residents are young professionals, sometimes referred as "yuppies." As of the census [1] of 2000, there were 463 people, 183 households, and 142 families residing in the city. The Sound of the Dove: Singing in Appalachian Primitive Baptist Churches. The song leaders and singing school teachers in this tradition, however, always played central shaping roles, and David Lee is an extremely eloquent example. I use the term “sing” as they do in southeast Georgia and northeast Florida, as opposed to the more common term “singing” used most other places. All of this is a remarkable turn of events for a singing community that had been unaware of the rest of the Sacred Harp network just a few short years before. The Dutch, who later settled the same area, called it “Hoebuck,” which meant “high bluff,” thanks to Henry Hudson. Sundays are quieter. Hymn texts are sung to memorized tunes in the appropriate meter, and singers frequently use alternate tunes and adjust the tune to fit the words. http://www.valdosta.edu/library/find/arch/folklife/sacredharp.html. Mars Hill is a “Bennettite” church, referring to the faction of the Alabaha River Association that split from the Crawfordites during the homestead controversy in the nineteenth century and followed elder Richard Bennett. So you were careful with those books. “We didn’t have any other kind of music,” says David Lee (born in 1954). Sacred Harp singing is a tradition of sacred choral music that originated in New England and was later perpetuated and carried on in the American South.The name is derived from The Sacred Harp, a ubiquitous and historically important tunebook printed in shape notes.The work was first published in 1844 and has reappeared in multiple editions ever since. For Crawfordites, Sacred Harp became the only approved music outside the hymns of the meeting house. The spirit of inclusion championed by Silas Lee gradually disappeared, and with it the traditions of community-wide participation. To learn about the now “old” Hoboken-style, one needs to attend one of the special out-of-town singing schools described previously. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 528. HBK stands for Hoboken (New Jersey). Demographics. Lottie Lee Carter, interviewed by Laurie Kay Sommers, Hoboken, GA, 10 May 2001, recalls drones of the 1920s in Martin Dowling’s singing schools which sound quite similar to present-day Hoboken drones. Hoboken, where I grew up is Located by AntwerpBelgium". "10Francis Harper and Delma Presley, Okefinokee Album, Georgia Press, 1981, 24. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); The region’s distinctive culture was shaped by the geography of the great swamp. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. A fourth characteristic—distinctive aspects of vocal style, such as pitch, ornamentation and tempo—was learned informally rather than at singing schools. Lee family lore recounts how a recording of north Georgia Sacred Harp had such fast tempos that it wasn’t even recognizable as Sacred Harp. The Sacred Harp, A Tradition and Its Music. 21 February 1998, Seattle, Washington. Certainly, they were surrounded by secular oral repertoires like those documented by Harper, the music of the public schools, and even popular music of the day. Rather, they eloquently speak about spirituality as “Why we sing” and share this view at singing schools they have led across the country. Delorese Conner Lee, phone interview by Laurie Kay Sommers, 8 July 2009. From MOCA, Robert Frank, Parade - Hoboken, New Jersey (1955), Gelatin silver print, 11 × 13 7/8 in Silas Lee chose three songs which he likely thought would be accessible to the festival audience: “Murillo’s Lesson” (#358, a secular song with text dating to the late 1700s), “Coronation” (#63, found in many Protestant hymnals as “All Hail the Power of Jesus Name”), and “Firm Foundation” (#72, also found in Protestant hymnals), during which Lee invited the audience to join in. Dowling’s mentors can be traced back two more generations, to his maternal uncle Bill Guy, and his father Lazarus Dowling, the latter a Confederate veteran who is remembered in Dowling family history as a Sacred Harp song leader, singing school teacher, and deacon of High Bluff Primitive Baptist Church, Brantley County, Georgia. Among white southern singers today, walking time is unique to Hoboken-style. "We were asked about our style of singing,” says Johnny Lee, “how did we do it, could we show or teach them, etc. “We had no idea how mistaken we was!”54Murphree, Wayne. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_40').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_40', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Crawfordite singers had a special reverence for The Sacred Harp book, giving it semi-divine status. He did, however, make the earliest known photographs and sound recordings of local Sacred Harp in 1922 and 1944 respectively.11Francis Harper, Special Collections, Zach S. Henderson Library, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA (photos) and American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Francis Harper, Folk Music of the Okefenokee Swamp Region of Georgia, 1944. The Pilgrim’s Harp compilers traced these songs and texts to various shape-note songsters and hymnals, among them Georgia-originated four-shape books such as The Social Harp, by John G. McCurry (1855); revisions and older editions to The Sacred Harp; classic four-shape books such as William Walker’s Southern Harmony (1854), the most popular shape-note tune book of the nineteenth century; and seven-shape compilations used for their words only, since local singers could not read seven-shape notation: the Southern Baptist Broadman Hymnal (1940), Stamp’s Baxter’s Favorite Songs and Hymns, Primitive Baptist hymnals such as The Good Old Songs: The Cream of the Old Music, compiled by Elder C. H. Cayce, and The Harp of Ages (1925). They would bring their dinner and stay all day long from 10:00 a.m., until 4:00 p.m.” A local family fed and housed the singing school teacher for the two days per month of the school, and “it was understood that there would be an evening sing held at that home with the school master leading the singing. 13 vs. 1-17 illustrate this many times. Sacred Harp Exhibit, online exhibition, South Georgia Folklife Collection, Archives and Special Collections, Odum Library, Valdosta State University HBK is defined as Hoboken (New Jersey) somewhat frequently. The Sacred Harp of Hoboken, WaterTower Films, 2006 -Cassie & Melissa 20% off ALL women's jewelry at Target- including SUGARFIX. 71, Flat Rock, AL 35966; 256-632-2474. Hoboken is located in western Brantley County at (31.182720, -82.133891 Superintendent Herrin accompanied the groups to FFF, and might have been the point person as well. This combination of characteristics gave local singing its uniqueness. By using the term “Hoboken-style” I do not mean to limit this discussion to one community. We can't make this up. In addition, many songs were sung orally, “handed down to us by inspired men of old,” as stated in the preface to The Pilgrim’s Harp, also known simply as “the brown book,” a self-published compilation of words and tunes to locally sung old favorites by David and Clarke Lee of Hoboken, and Phillip Reeves of Callahan, Florida. Hoboken is known for having parking issues, and the New Jersey Transit is not the most reliable form of transportation, but Hoboken is still a transportation hub. The local style of singing still is learned informally, but unless they are part of the small group of Crawfordite singers, the next generation of Okefenokee singers hears less and less of the old unique sound. It considers the history of this tradition, distinctive characteristics of this variant of Sacred Harp, and how "Hoboken-style" leaders have negotiated rapid change while maintaining core values of memory, legacy, and spiritual meaning. Payne, Will, producer. Bealle, John. I use the term “Sacred Harp network,” after Dorothy Noyes’ reformulation of the term “folk group” under the rubric of social network theory, to distinguish singers whose connection to each other is based solely on Sacred Harp as a hobby or avocation, as opposed to the deep-seated, multifaceted community ties which characterize singers in southeast Georgia and northeast Florida. Family Style Restaurants Bar & Grills Bars. The Sound of the Dove: Singing in Appalachian Primitive Baptist Churches. David I. Lee, remarks from the stage of the Florida Folk Festival, 28 May 2000. Jan 12, 2019 - Rich in musical heritage, Hoboken still retains small town charm and Southern hospitality. David I. Lee, singing school remarks, Florida Folk Festival, White Springs, 28 May 2000. Songs were pitched higher (and only a half or whole step below the printed notes), in keeping with the faster tempos adopted after increased exposure to other singings. They had always sought isolation from the mainstream culture; as the world around them increasingly changed, they strengthened the boundaries that kept them apart. Johnny Lee, Electronic mail correspondence with Laurie Kay Sommers, 14 October 1999. Murphree, Wayne. Produced by Wayne Murphree Ent., Inc., 25735 Alabama Hwy. I also involved Hoboken singers in public programs, including their return to the Florida Folk Festival in May of 2000. Metzner, Jim, producer. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); The “Swamper” families who lived at the fringes of the Okefenokee and on islands scattered across its interior were primarily of European-American descent, mixed with some (often unacknowledged) American Indian ancestry. Clarke Lee compared Sacred Harp to “soul food” for those who were raised on it and encouraged everyone that “if it lifts up your heart to sing to the Lord, that’s what we want you to do.”69Clarke Lee, stage remarks, Florida Folk Festival, 28 May 2000. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_69').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_69', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Along both sides of the Okefenokee, a cluster of neighbors, family members, and brothers-and sisters in the Primitive Baptist faith created and sustained a unique variant of Sacred Harp. Oral accounts and historical research suggest that there was little African American participation in Hoboken-style Sacred Harp or the Primitive Baptist churches frequented by many singers.9John Crowley, Primitive Baptists of the Wiregrass South, 99-105. Johnny Lee, remarks at Silas Lee Memorial Sing, Florida Folk Festival, White Springs, 28 May 2000. How is Hoboken (New Jersey) abbreviated? David Lee emphasizes that this is not just a Hoboken and Lee family tradition but a community and regional tradition.7David I. Lee, singing school remarks, Florida Folk Festival, White Springs, 28 May 2000. Hinton, Matt and Erika. I … Hoboken City Limits: Sacred Harp Singing in a Small Southern Community, Hoboken, Georgia, March 16, 2002, (CD), Rosemount, Minnesota, LoudHymns.Com, 2002. The Hoboken School Glee Club and barbershop quartet also performed at FFF, so perhaps the teacher, Miss Griffin, mentioned the local Sacred Harp to FFF organizer Thelma Boulton. They feel that their views have changed the feeling and meaning of some out-of-region sings from emphasis on fellowship and expressions of Americana to a more deeply felt spiritual event. Clusters of like-minded Primitive churches band together in associations, rather than organizing as part of a formal denomination. ———. Puckett, 94, and Lottie Lee Carter, Interviewed by Laurie Kay Sommers, Hoboken, GA, 10 May 2001. A town in Jersey that is less than ten minutes from New York City. It was a seasonal campsite in the territory of the Hackensack, a phratry of the Lenni Lenape, who used the serpentine rock found there to carve pipes.. Most joined Hoboken Sacred Harp or the Primitive Baptist churches. It still accompanies rites of passage such as weddings, funerals, and river baptisms. Beginning in 1912, naturalist and folklore collector Francis Harper documented the music, tales, customs, hunting and fishing, material culture, and speech of the Swampers. Lloyd completed Primitive Hymns at a time when many Baptist churches were abandoning practices of a cappella singing with word-only hymn books in favor of hymnals with printed music used with instrumental accompaniment. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_35').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_35', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); The drone evokes a spiritual synergy of movement, chord, and sound which powerfully affects the singers. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.5 square miles (9.1 km 2), all of it land.. The ultra-conservative Crawfordites sought to continue most practices “as in the time of Uncle Reuben.” Since their formation in the 1870s, they have isolated themselves even from other Primitive Baptist associations.15Crowley, 109. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); This isolation and conservatism fostered both the creation and the preservation of the region’s distinctive variant of Sacred Harp and intensified its relationship with Primitive Baptist hymnody. The Old Harp tradition appears most similar to Hoboken, with “a quartet singing a lesson of four parts in the middle of the class, [while] the rest of the class would get up, hold the starting chord and march around the room in time to the music while keeping that chord.” (Larry Olszewski email to Laurie Kay Sommers on the Old Harp drone, 14 February 2002; Karen Willard, email to Laurie Kay Sommers on the Mississippi drone, 13 February 2002; Nicholas Pasqual, email to Laurie Kay Sommers, 16 February 2002 on Kentucky folk singer Jean Ritchie’s remembrance of an Old Regular Baptist drone in the liner notes to her LP Sweet Rivers.). Fellowship at a nearby home after meeting might also include singing. The church used for exterior scenes in the film was the historic Our Lady of Grace , built in 1874, while the interiors were shot at the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul at 400 Hudson Street. 7 (July 2004). Kilmer, Miriam. http://www.fasola.org. and we were at a total loss to understand. We will probably never know. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1981. History. Newsvine - Get Smarter Here. This is not a term local singers from the region use to describe their tradition, although—as described in this essay—some local singers have become quite skilled at describing and demonstrating their singing tradition to outsiders. The work was first published in 1844 and has reappeared in multiple editions ever since. Wilson Wainright, interviewed by Laurie Kay Sommers, Nahunta, GA, 4 September 2003. Their oral traditions included unaccompanied ballads, local songs, fiddle and banjo tunes played for frolics, and the yodels or hollers used to signal over long distances, to gather free-range hogs or cattle, or for the sheer joy of hollering. by D Wiley Wed Sep 16, 2015 4:44 pm. The 1958 recording is a sonic benchmark in this local variant of Sacred Harp. White Springs is only one hundred miles from Hoboken, on the other side of the Okefenokee Swamp, but the singers rarely traveled this distance to other sings. The last previous Hoboken drone was held in 1984. By contrast, the Crawfordites of southeast Georgia and northeast Florida refused to abandon the old ways and preserved their Sacred Harp and hymn singing traditions not as a symbol, but as a living legacy of the old ways. On the Waterfront was filmed over 36 days on location in various places in Hoboken, New Jersey, including the docks, workers' slum dwellings, bars, littered alleys, and rooftops. Superintendent Herrin accompanied the groups to FFF, and might have been the point person as well. http://www.mcsr.olemiss.edu/~mudws/harp.html. For a select group of harmonically suitable songs, the singing school teacher gives the bass, tenor, and treble each their starting note to hold or drone as they march around in a circle. Miller’s book, which includes a substantive discussion of the Lee family, offers the “Sacred Harp Diaspora,” a concept of “the phenomenon of the Sacred Harp conventions that draws many travelers from far-off places rather than the local singing in an isolated area where most participants are related by blood or marriage” (page 28). Hoboken Style: Meaning and Change→ #shape note #sacred harp #hoboken ga #okefenokee #ethnomusicology According to a user from Michigan, U.S., the name Hoboken means "It comes Dutch, Flemish: 'Hoge Beuken', A 'Beuk' is a type of tree, and hoog means 'high or 'tall'. Lee infuses his singing schools with personal experience narratives of growing up in a Sacred Harp singing family and community. The Best Indian Food Restaurants in Hoboken, Jersey City, + Beyond Hoboken Girl It challenged the documentary tradition. Yahoo er en del av Verizon Media. Hvis du vil gi Verizon Media og partnerne våre tillatelse til å behandle de personlige dataene dine, velger du Godtatt. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997. The singers had traveled from the Okefenokee region of southeast Georgia and northeast Florida to the town of White Springs. David’s boyhood memories resound with Sacred Harp: All of these contexts also included hymn singing. The term “Hoboken-style” is a term outsiders and scholars use to describe the distinctive stylistic features and performance practices of the Okefenokee region, especially as it pertains to the Lee Family of southeast Georgia and the community singing tradition centered in … Interested in submitting your work to Southern Spaces? Visiting singers disseminated glowing email testimonials on the listserv describing their first visit to Hoboken. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_57').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_57', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); "The voices heard were clearly extraordinary and in a style different from any we had previously heard,” said Minnesotan Keith Willard. Most of them were Scots from Northern Ireland, or Scots-Irish, though some had traces of English, Welsh, French, and German. We were perfectly content with what we had at home, because the entire community was involved in our singing.”48David I. Lee, interviewed by Laurie Kay Sommers, Hoboken, GA, 15 July 2000. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_48').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_48', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); By the time of the 1958 FFF, the community Delorese Conner Lee associated with her girlhood—where one’s fellow singers were neighbors, family, and brothers and sisters of the Primitive Baptist faith—had begun to fracture. Sings had a single male song leader, unlike the more democratic practice of a different leader for each song common in most southern singing conventions. The schism also revolved around a breach of traditional modes of performance practice, although this was secondary. The deep spiritual meaning has not changed.”5Johnny Lee, remarks at Silas Lee Memorial Sing, Florida Folk Festival, White Springs, 28 May 2000. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); This essay chronicles continuity and change in "Hoboken-style" Sacred Harp, using recordings from the 1958 and 2000 Florida Folk Festivals as points of departure: 1958—illustrating the style that had evolved in southeast Georgia and northeast Florida, largely independent of the other Sacred Harp traditions; and 2000—demonstrating the increasing hybridization of the new public face of “Hoboken-style” with traditions from Alabama, Florida, and elsewhere.6The term “Hoboken-style” is a term outsiders and scholars use to describe the distinctive stylistic features and performance practices of the Okefenokee region, especially as it pertains to the Lee Family of southeast Georgia and the community singing tradition centered in Hoboken, Brantley County, Georgia. Would the “sound” of Silas Lee and his little band of singers have seemed distinctive to audiences at the 1958 Florida Folk Festival? Scroll To See More Images. “It’s bigger than we are,” says David Lee “It’s a precious thing that was given to our little group of people.”74David I. Lee, remarks from the stage of the Florida Folk Festival, 28 May 2000. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_1500_1_74').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_1500_1_74', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'bottom center', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Research for this essay received support from the National Endowment for the Arts' Folk and Traditional Arts Infrastructure Initiative, the Georgia Council for the Arts Folklife Program, Valdosta State University, and the Lila Wallace Reader’s Digest Community Folklife Program.